All herbicides applied EPP 30 controlled the winter annual weeds smallflower buttercup and little barley completely. Wild garlic control was most complete with combinations that included Roundup Ultra. EPP 30 applied herbicides controlled giant foxtail less than 35% by July 6. In contrast, all EPP 30 and PRE herbicides controlled common ragweed and Pa. smartweed completely. There was no corn injury observed in this study. Corn yield ranged from zero in the nontreated plots to 4 to 141 bu/A in treated plots.

I. INTRODUCTION:

This study was designed to evaluate weed control in no-till corn with several commercially available and experimental herbicides applied early preplant and preemergence.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Aatrex 4 L                                     Harness Xtra 5.6 L
        Bicep II 5.9 L                                 ICIA5676 CS/atrazine 4 L
        Broadstrike Plus (Hornet) 85.6 WG              Roundup Ultra 4 S
        Broadstrike/Dual 7.67 EC                       Surpass 100 5 L
        Gramoxone Extra 5.6 L                          Topnotch 3.2 ME
        Guardsman 5 L                                  Weedone 638 2.8 EC

III. INSECTICIDES EVALUATED:

        Warrior 8 EC

IV. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ABONOR: above normal                           EPP: early preplant
        ABUTH: velvetleaf                              HORPU: little barley
        ALLVI: wild garlic                             RANAB: smallflower buttercup
        AMBEL: common ragweed                          S/A: seed/acre
        BROSOI: broadcast soil                         ZEAMX: corn
        BROTE: downy brome

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control ratings and corn injury and yield data are presented in the attached tables. There was no change in weed control following the last rating date for each weed species. Several weed species listed on the Site Description Sheet were not evaluated because of lack of uniformity in the study area. The EPP 30 applications were made on April 9 with an anticipated planting date of May 10. However, frequent rainfall delayed planting until May 24, thus the EPP 30 herbicides had been applied 44 days prior to planting, not the scheduled 30 days. Most comments noted below refer to the weed control on the last rating date for each species.

Weed Control: All herbicide applied EPP 30 controlled the winter annual weeds smallflower buttercup and little barely, completely. These weeds were not rated on June 15, the first evaluation date following application of the PRE herbicides, because they were maturing. Control of wild garlic was most complete with EPP applications of Roundup Ultra plus companion herbicides. Giant foxtail emerged late May and early June, about 50 days following application of the EPP 30 herbicides. Control of giant foxtail on June 15 was poor with the EPP 30 applications except with Topnotch plus Aatrex and with Bicep II. However, by July 6, giant foxtail control with all EPP 30 applications was poor. These results are typical of EPP applications most years in southern Illinois, because of the rapid breakdown of grass herbicides under our high rainfall and temperature conditions. A single EPP application in early April does not provide consistent control of annual grass species. All treatments gave complete control of common ragweed and Pa. smartweed.

Corn Injury and Yield: No corn injury was observed in this study. Corn yield ranged from zero in the nontreated plots to 141 bu/A. The wide range in yield reflected the great difference in weed control observed in this study.

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All herbicides completely controlled giant foxtail, common ragweed and Pa. smartweed. Treatments that included Permit were most effective (95% or greater) in controlling yellow nutsedge. No corn injury was observed. Corn population varied considerably but differences were not significant, most likely because of non-uniform flooding conditions in the plot area. Corn yield ranged from 2 bu/A in the nontreated plots to 154 bu/A.

I. INTRODUCTION:

This study was designed primarily to evaluate weed control in no-till corn with several commercially available and experimental herbicide formulations.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Aatrex 4. L                                    MON 58431 3.8 ME (controlled
        Axiom 68 WG                                       release acetochlor)   
        Bicep II 5.9 G                                 MON 58432 3.9 ME (controlled
        Bladex 4 L                                        release acetochlor)
        Bullet 4 L                                     MON 58433 3.9 ME (controlled
        Extrazine II 4 L                                  release acetochlor)
        Guardsman 5 L                                  Permit 75 WG
        Harness Xtra 5.6 L                             Roundup Ultra 4 S
        MON 58420A 4.25 L (Premix of                   Surpass 100 5 L 
           Roundup + Harness + atrazine)               Topnotch 3.2 ME (encapsulated
        MON 58430 3.8 ME (controlled                      acetochlor)
           release acetochlor)   

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ABONOR: above normal                           IPOHE: ivyleaf morningglory
        ABUTH: velvetleaf                              LVS: leaves
        ALLVI: wild garlic                             PANDI: fall panicum
        AMBEL: common ragweed                          POLPY: Pa. smartweed
        BL: broadleaf                                  RANAB: smallflower buttercup
        BROSOI: broadcast soil                         S/A: seeds per acre
        CAPBP: shepherd's-purse                        SETFA: giant foxtail
        CYPES: yellow nutsedge                         XANST: common cocklebur
        DAP: days after planting                       ZEAMX: corn
        HORPU: little barley

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control ratings and corn population, injury, and yield data are presented in the attached table. There was no change in weed control following the July 24 rating. Several weed species listed on the Site Description Sheet were not evaluated because of lack of uniformity in the study area.

Weed Control: All herbicides completely controlled giant foxtail, common ragweed, and Pa. smartweed in this study. In that all of the treatments included proven commercially available herbicides, this level of control was not unexpected. Treatments that included Permit controlled yellow nutsedge 95% or greater although Roundup Ultra plus Bicep II also controlled nutsedge 92%. Control with all other treatments was less than 75%.

Corn Injury, Population, and Yield: Corn injury was not observed in this study. Corn population ranged form 19,844 to 25,975 plants per acre on June 24, 30 days after planting in plots treated with herbicides, compared to 16,940 plants per acre in the nontreated plots. Despite the relatively wide range of population in plots treated with herbicides, none of these differences were statistically significant. In part, this may have been related to the level of control of yellow nutsedge. There also was some stand loss due to bird feeding, which was not uniform across the plot area. The major reason for the lack of significance likely was related to extremely wet soil conditions in portions of the plot area, which reduced stand non-uniformly. Corn yield ranged from 2 bu/A in the nontreated plots to 154 bu/A. Yield levels were related to the completeness of weed control.

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All treatments completely controlled the winter annual weeds smallflower buttercup and little barley. Likewise, complete control of the summer annual broadleaf weeds common ragweed, Pa. smartweed, and velvetleaf was obtained. In contrast, control of yellow nutsedge and giant foxtail was poor with the herbicides evaluated in this study. Corn injury was not observed with any herbicides. Corn yield ranged from 1 bu/A in the nontreated plots to 128 bu/A but yield in most plots was less than 50 bu/A because of poor control of giant foxtail with the early preplant applications.

I. INTRODUCTION:

This study was designed to evaluate weed control in no-till corn with EPP (early preplant) applications of several commercially available and experimental herbicides.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED;

        Banvel 4 EC                                    Harness Xtra 5.6 L
        Bicep II 5.9 L                                 Marksman 3.2 L
        Clarity 5 EC                                   Princep 4 L
        Extrazine II 4 L                               Roundup Ultra 4 S
        Frontier 6 EC                                  SAN 1412H 6 EC(Frontier + Banvel premix)
        Guardsman 5 L                                  Weedone LV4 3.8 EC

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ABONOR: above normal                           HORPU: little barley
        ABUTH: velvetleaf                              IPOHE: ivyleaf morningglory
        ALLVI: wild garlic                             LVS: leaves
        AMARE: redroot pigweed                         PANDI: fall panicum
        AMATA: common waterhemp                        POLPY: Pa. smartweed
        AMBEL: common ragweed                          RANAB: smallflower buttercup
        BROSOI: broadcast soil                         S/A: seeds per acre
        BROTE: downy brome                             SETFA: giant foxtail
        CHEAL: common lambsquarters                    W: weeds
        CYPES: yellow nutsedge                         XANST: common cocklebur
        EPP: early preplant                            ZEAMX: corn

Weed control ratings and corn injury and yield data are presented in the attached table. There was no change in weed control following the last rating date for each type of weed. Several weed species listed on the Site Description Sheet were not rated because on lack of uniformity in the study area. The EPP 30 herbicides were applied April 9 with an anticipated planting date of May 10. However, because of frequent rainfall, planting was delayed until May 24, 45 days after EPP 30 herbicide application, instead of The intended 30 day interval.

 Weed Control; All treatments controlled the winter annual weeds smallflower buttercup and little barley completely. Control of giant foxtail on June 19 (70 days after EPP application) was 15 to 96%. However, by July 10, control had decreased to a range of 0 to 72%. The July 10 rating was 90 days after the EPP 30 application. Past experience had shown that none of the currently available soil-applied `grassþ herbicides provide adequate annual grass control when applied as a single application early preplant. Control of yellow nutsedge was poor (73% or less with most 33% or less) in this study with the herbicides evaluated. In contrast, complete control of common ragweed, Pa. smartweed, and velvetleaf was obtained with all herbicides. The combination of EPP plus POST herbicides contributed to the complete control of broadleaf weeds.

Corn Injury and Yield: No corn injury was observed in this study with any of the herbicide treatments. Corn yield ranged from 1 bu/A in the nontreated plots to 128 bu/A. In most instances, corn yield was less than 50 bu/A and was related to poor control of giant foxtail and yellow nutsedge with the early preplant herbicides.

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Corn No-Till Early Preplant and Preemergence Evaluation of Acetanilides for Grass Control, 1996.

Grass control with current grass herbicides applied early preplant and preemergence was evaluated. No grass herbicide applied early preplant controlled giant foxtail and barnyardgrass season long. Dual II, Topnotch, Frontier, Surpass, Harness, and Axiom applied preemergence controlled 92 to 100% of the giant foxtail and barnyardgrass. Basis applied postemergence controlled 93% and 95% of the giant foxtail and barnyardgrass, respectively. Corn yield ranged from 0 to 155 bu/A. Yield was greater than 100 bu/A only with grass herbicides applied preemergence.

I. INTRODUCTION:

Growers currently have several options for controlling grass in corn due to the recent development of several soil herbicides. Dual II, Topnotch, Frontier, Surpass, and Harness are now available for grass control in corn. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate and compare grass weed control with current soil herbicides applied early preplant and preemergence.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Axiom 68 WG                                    Peak 57 WG
        Basis 75 WG                                    Roundup 4 S
        Dual II 7.8 EC                                 Surpass 6.4 EC
        Frontier 6.0 EC                                Topnotch 3.2 ME
        Harness 7 EC

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ALLVI: wild garlic                             POLPY: Pennsylvania smartweed
        AMBEL: common ragweed                          PRE: preemergence
        COC: crop oil concentrate                      RANAB: smallflower buttercup
        CYPES: yellow nutsedge                         UAN: urea ammonium nitrate
        ECHCG: barnyardgrass                           ZEAMX: corn
        EPP: early preplant                            3" BL: 3 inch broadleaf weeds
        HORPU: little barley                           2" G: 2 inch grass

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control, corn injury, and yield data are presented in the attached tables. There was no change in weed control following the last rating noted in the attached tables. Weeds that are listed in the 'Site Description Sheet' that were not distributed uniformly throughout the study area were not rated. All comments referring to weed control are in reference to the last rating unless noted otherwise.

Giant Foxtail:

Giant foxtail control ranged from 35 to 85% with herbicides applied EPP 30. Surpass applied EPP 30 controlled 85% of the giant foxtail. However, Topnotch applied EPP 30, the encapsulated formulation of Surpass, controlled only 60% of the giant foxtail. No herbicide applied EPP 15 controlled giant foxtail adequately with control ranging from 17 to 57%. In contrast, giant foxtail control ranged from 92 to 100% with herbicides applied preemergence. Basis applied postemergence controlled 93% of the giant foxtail.

Barnyardgrass:

Barnyardgrass control ranged from 32 to 77% with herbicides applied EPP 30. Axiom applied EPP 30 controlled 77% of the barnyardgrass. Barnyardgrass control ranged from 47 to 90% with herbicides applied EPP 15. Surpass applied EPP 15 controlled 90% of the barnyardgrass. However, Topnotch applied EPP 15, the encapsulated formulation of Surpass, controlled only 47% of the barnyardgrass. Barnyardgrass control ranged from 95 to 100% with herbicides applied preemergence. Basis applied postemergence controlled 95% of the barnyardgrass.

Yellow Nutsedge:

Yellow nutsedge control ranged from 33 to 92% with herbicides applied EPP 30. Frontier and Harness applied EPP 30 controlled 92% and 88% of the yellow nutsedge, respectively. Yellow nutsedge control ranged from 55 to 88% with herbicides applied EPP 15. Frontier, Surpass, and Harness applied EPP 15 controlled 85 to 88% of the yellow nutsedge. Topnotch applied EPP 15 and 30, the encapsulated formulation of Surpass, controlled 63% of the yellow nutsedge. Yellow nutsedge control ranged from 75 to 100% with herbicides applied preemergence. Axiom and Surpass controlled 75% and 83% of the yellow nutsedge, respectively. Dual II, Topnotch, Frontier, and Harness controlled 92 to 100% of the yellow nutsedge. Basis applied postemergence controlled 97% of the yellow nutsedge.

Common Ragweed and Pennsylvania Smartweed:

Peak was applied postemergence with soil grass herbicide treatments to control broadleaf weeds. Peak controlled 95 to 100% of the common ragweed and Pennsylvania smartweed. Basis applied postemergence controlled 92% and 98% of the common ragweed and Pennsylvania smartweed, respectively.

Crop Injury and Yield:

Injury was characterized as stunting. Stunting ranged from 0 to 28%. Stunting was related to weed competition. The greatest stunting was observed where no herbicide was applied. Extended weed competition severely affected crop growth and development. Yield ranged from 0 to 155 bu/A. Yield was greater than 100 bu/A only with grass herbicides applied preemergence.

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Corn No-Till Early Preplant Weed Control with Acetanilide/Atrazine Premixes, 1996.

Control of winter and summer annual weeds and yellow nutsedge was highly dependent on application timing, and considerably less so on the herbicide combinations applied. No corn injury was observed with any of the herbicides. Corn yield ranged from 5 bu/A in the nontreated plots to 12 to 46 bu/A in the early preplant plots and from 162 to 177 bu/A in PRE plots. Yield level clearly reflected the level of weed control observed.

I. INTRODUCTION.

This study was designed to evaluate weed control with several herbicides applied EPP 15 (15 days before planting) compared to similar applications made PRE.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Bicep II 5.9 L
        Bicep Lite II 4.9 L
        Guardsman 5 L
        Harness Xtra 5.6 L
        ICIA 5675 CS/atrazine 4 L
        Roundup Ultra 4 S
        Surpass 100 5 L

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ABONOR: above normal                           HORPU: little barley
        ABUTH: velvetleaf                              IPOHE: ivyleaf morningglory
        ALLVI: wild garlic                             LAMAM: henbit
        AMBEL: common ragweed                          LVS: leaves
        BROSOI: broadcast soil                         POLPY: Pa. smartweed
        BROTE: downy brome                             RANAB: smallflower buttercup
        CERVI: mouseear chickweed                      S/A: seeds per acre
        CHEAL: common lambsquarters                    SETFA: giant foxtail
        CYPES: yellow nutsedge                         TAROF: dandelion
        EPP: early preplant                            XANST: common cocklebur
        ERICA: horseweed (marestail)                   ZEAMX: corn
        GLXMA: soybeans

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control ratings and corn injury and yield data are presented in the attached table. There was no change in control following the last rating date for each weed. Several weed species listed in the Site Description Sheet were not rated because of a lack of uniformity in the study area. The EPP 15 treatments were applied April 27 with an anticipated planting date of about May 10. However, because of frequent rainfall, planting was delayed until May 24, thus planting was 27 days prior to planting rather than the desired 15 days.

Weed Control: All herbicides applied April 9 controlled little barley completely. PRE herbicides were applied May 25, one day after planting. By the time of the June 14 rating, the little barley had matured, thus was not possible to rate the efficacy of the herbicides on this weed. Control of giant foxtail on July 5 was 33% or less with all EPP applications. This has been typical of these treatments for many years. In contrast, when the same herbicides were applied PRE, control was 92 to 98% except in one instance. Yellow nutsedge control was 95 to 99% with herbicides applied PRE compared to only 42 to 73% when the same herbicides were applied early preplant. Control of common ragweed and Pa. smartweed was complete with all herbicides when applied PRE.

Corn Injury and Yield: No corn injury was observed in this study with any of the herbicides. Corn yield ranged from 5 bu/A in the nontreated plots to 177 bu/A. Yield in the EPP15 treatments was only 12 to 46 bu/A primarily because of poor control of giant foxtail. In contrast, corn yield ranged from 162 to 177 bu/A in plots treated with PRE herbicides, because of nearly complete control of giant foxtail.

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Early season rainfall delayed planting until May 25. Control of the several broadleaf weeds in this study was 96 to 100% with Balance. Nutsedge control ranged from 13 to 85%. Foxtail control with treatments that included commercially available herbicides was greater than 90% while Balance alone controlled giant foxtail 67 to 96%. Herbicide applications were followed by ideal rainfall conditions that provided optimum weed control. Corn injury on any plot was less than 3% on June 21. Balance at 4.0 oz/A, the highest rate, stunted corn 33%. Corn yield ranged from 0 bu/A in nontreated plots to 172 bu/A. Yield was closely associated with the completeness of weed control.

I. INTRODUCTION:

Balance is an experimental herbicide for weed control in corn. The active ingredient is isoxaflutole. It is from the new class of isoxazole herbicides. Balance was developed as a systemic preemergence herbicide for the control of broadleaf and grass weeds. Its mode of action is the inhibition of carotenoids. In susceptible species, Balance reduces emergence or results in bleached seedlings. Balance is adsorbed both by foliar and root systems with free translocation within the plant. It can be applied preplant incorporated or preemergence and controls broadleaf weeds more effectively than grasses.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Aatrex 90WG                                    Extrazine II 90WG 
        Balance 75WG (RPA 201772,                      Harness 7EC
          formulation EXP31130A)                       Roundup Ultra 4S
        Dual II 7.8EC                                  Topnotch 3.2ME

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ABUTH - velvetleaf                             GPA - gallons per acre
        ALOCA - Carolina foxtail                       HORPU - little barley
        ALLVI - wild garlic                            LVS - leaves
        AMATA - common waterhemp                       PANDI - fall panicum
        AMBEL - common ragweed                         POLPY - Pennsylvania smartweed
        BRDCST - broadcast                             PRE - preemergence
        BROSOI - broadcast soil                        RANAB - smallflower buttercup
        CHEAL - common lambsquarters                   RCB - randomized complete block
        CYPES - yellow nutsedge                        SETFA - giant foxtail
        DAT - days after treatment                     VERPG - purslane speedwell
        ECHCG - barnyardgrass                          XANST - common cocklebur
        GLXMA - soybean                                ZEAMX - corn

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control, corn injury, and corn stunt ratings are presented in the attached table. There was no change in weed control following the 42 DAT rating on July 5. Corn planting in this study was delayed until May 24 because of extended rainfall. Roundup Ultra was applied to all plots at 1.0 qt/A. Timely rains mobilized herbicides into the weed seed germination zone and aided in weed control.

Giant Foxtail Control:

Balance alone controlled giant foxtail 67 to 96%. Foxtail control for treatments that included commercially available herbicides was greater than 90%.

Yellow Nutsedge Control:

Balance alone controlled yellow nutsedge 13 to 72%. The most complete control was with 3.0 oz/A with less control at 4.0 oz/A. It is unknown whether the control with 3.0 oz/A was an anomaly, or effect, with reduced control. Treatments that included companion herbicides increased nutsedge control to a range of 60 to 85%.

Broadleaf Weed Control:

Balance alone controlled common lambsquarters, common ragweed, Pennsylvania smartweed, and velvetleaf 96 to 100%. Balance with companion herbicides controlled broadleaf weeds 98% or greater.

Corn Injury and Yield:

Corn injury on any plot was less than 3% on June 21. Balance at 2.5, 3.0, and 4.0 oz/A, alone and in combinations, stunted corn 5 to 33%. Yields from these plots are generally less than yields from plots with less stunt or lower rates of Balance. Corn yield ranged from 0 bu/A in nontreated plots to 172 bu/A. Yield was also associated with the completeness of weed control.

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Season-long weed control with Balance was tested by applications planned 21 and seven days before planting. All applications were tank-mixed with Roundup Ultra for burndown. The 21 day early preplant (EPP21) herbicides were applied April 17 with an anticipated planting date near or on May 8. An extended period of rainfall delayed planting until May 30, which likely resulted in some degradation of the herbicides and affected weed control with EPP21 treatments. Lack of season-long control was evident by June 27 for all weeds with EPP21 applications. The seven day early preplant (EPP7) herbicides were applied May 23, which provided greater than 90% weed control in most cases. Winter annual weeds were controlled by both rates of Balance and at both timings. Balance controlled grasses at planting but likely broke down in the EPP21 treatments during the extended period of rain. All EPP7 treatments completely controlled broadleaf weeds season-long. Broadleaf weeds were completely controlled by EPP21 treatments until June 27, when control decreased as much as 16 and 8% for common ragweed and Pennsylvania smartweed, respectively.

I. INTRODUCTION:

Balance is an experimental herbicide for weed control in corn. The active ingredient is isoxaflutole. It is from the new class of isoxazole herbicides. Balance was developed as a systemic preemergence herbicide for the control of broadleaf and grass weeds. Its mode of action is the inhibition of carotenoids. In susceptible species, Balance reduces emergence or results in bleached seedlings. Balance is adsorbed both by roots and shoots with free translocation within the plant. It can be applied preplant incorporated or preemergence and controls broadleaf weeds more effectively than grasses.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Aatrex 90WG                                    Dual II 7.8EC
        Balance 75WG (RPA 201772,                      Roundup Ultra 4S
          formulation EXP31130A)                       Topnotch 3.2ME
        Bicep II 5.9L                                  

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ALOCA - Carolina foxtail                       GLXMA - soybean 
        ALLVI - wild garlic                            GPA - gallons per acre
        AMATA - common waterhemp                       HORPU - little barley
        AMBEL - common ragweed                         LVS - leaves
        BRDCST - broadcast                             MYSMI - mousetail
        BROSOI - broadcast soil                        PANDI - fall panicum
        CAPBP - shepherdþs-purse                       POLPY - Pennsylvania smartweed   
        CARPA - smallflower bittercress                RANAB - smallflower buttercup
        CHEAL - common lambsquarters                   RCB - randomized complete block  
        CYPES - yellow nutsedge                        SETFA - giant foxtail
        DAT - days after treatment                     STEME - common chickweed
        ECHCG - barnyardgrass                          VERPG - purslane speedwell
        EPP - early preplant                           XANST - common cocklebur
        ERICA - horseweed                              ZEAMX - corn
        GERCA - Carolina geranium                      

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control ratings are presented in the attached table. There was little or no change in weed control following the July 11 rating. Corn planting in this study was delayed until May 30 because of extended rainfall. There was no corn injury observed from any treatments in this study. Roundup Ultra was applied to all treatments at 2.0 pts/A.

Grass Control:

At planting, giant foxtail and fall panicum were completely controlled at both rates and timings. By June 27, grass control with Balance at 2.0 oz/A applied EPP21 was no greater than 61% and decreased to 52% or less by July 11. Balance at 3.0 oz/A applied EPP21 controlled giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, and fall panicum 83, 80, and 67% on July 11, respectively. Companion herbicides extended grass control for EPP21 treatments with 0 to 30% decline in control by July 11. The greatest decline was observed in fall panicum control. EPP7 treatments controlled grasses greater than 90%, except Balance at 2.0 oz/A alone, which was greater than 80% for giant foxtail and fall panicum.

Yellow Nutsedge Control:

Yellow nutsedge control at planting was greater than 80% with both rates of Balance applied EPP21 and EPP7. By June 27 control decreased considerably with Balance alone at both rates and timings. Balance applications at 2.0 or 3.0 oz/A with companions herbicides applied EPP21 controlled yellow nutsedge less than 70% by June 27. Balance applied EPP7 with companion herbicides extended yellow nutsedge control until July 11 at a level greater than 70%.

Broadleaf Weed Control:

All EPP7 treatments provided season-long control of common ragweed and Pennsylvania smartweed. By June 27, common ragweed control with EPP21 treatments of Balance alone decreased to 73% and 87% for 2.0 and 3.0 oz/A rates, respectively. EPP21 treatments with companion herbicides controlled both weeds season long. The only exception was Balance at 2.0 oz/A with Topnotch at 2.5 pts/A, where common ragweed and Pennsylvania smartweed control decreased to 86% and 91%, respectively.

Corn Injury and Yield:

There was no corn injury observed from any treatments in this study. Yield was not taken due to poor stands caused by bird depridation.

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No-Till Corn Weed Control with Postemergence Herbicides, 1996.

Accent was applied at four grass heights followed by Permit, Exceed, or Buctril in plots without or with Roundup at planting. Inconsistent control of all grasses and broadleaf weeds was observed when these herbicides were not used with Roundup. At 28 and 56 DAT, plots with Roundup provided more consistent control of all grasses and broadleaf weeds. Due to extensive bird damage, resulting in a nonuniform corn stand, corn yield was not obtained in 1996.

I. INTRODUCTION:

No-till corn is grown on more than 20% of the U.S. corn acreage and increasing steadily. Soil-applied herbicides are coming under increasing scrutiny regarding potential movement into ground and surface water. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of using only POST herbicides for weed control in no-till corn. Accent ( a post grass herbicide), and Buctril, Exceed (Peak in 1994 and 1995), and Permit (POST broadleaf herbicides) were evaluated without and with Roundup for total POST weed control in corn. This is the third year of a planned four year study to evaluate this concept. In 1994 and 1995, excellent control of all weeds was obtained where Roundup preceded the selective herbicides but control was less complete where Roundup was not used.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Burndown                          Residual
        Roundup 4S                                     Extrazine II 90 DF

        POST
        Accent 75 DF
        Buctril 2 EC
        Exceed 57 DF
        Permit 75 DF

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ABUTH:  velvetleaf                             GPA:  gallons per acre
        AMBEL:  common ragweed                         PRE:  preemergence
        CYPES:  yellow nutsedge                        LVS:  leaves
        PANDI:  fall panicum                           RCB:  randomized complete block
        POLPY:  pennsylvania smartweed                 V3:  3rd corn leaf (w/collar)
        SETFA:  giant foxtail                          ZEAMX:  corn
        GLYMA:  soybeans

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control ratings are presented in the attached table. Due to extensive bird damage, there was an inconsistent corn stand and yield was not obtained. Data in the first table were extracted from the computer-generated second table and arranged in a format that hopefully is easier to interpret. There was no change in weed control following the last rating dates included in the tables.

 Application Timing:

Accent in plots without Roundup was applied on June 19 (1-2" grass), June 21 (2-4" grass), June 24 (4-6" grass), and June 27 (6-10" grass). All post broadleaf herbicides were applied on June 19 in plots without Roundup. In plots where Roundup was applied, Accent was applied on July 9 (1-2" grass), July 12 (2-4" grass), July 15 (4-6" grass), and July 19 (6-10" grass). All post broadleaf herbicides were applied on July 9 at V3 corn in plots where Roundup Ultra was used.

Giant Foxtail Control:

Control of giant foxtail with Accent was 90% or greater in all but one instance (Table 1). This level of control was observed regardless of foxtail height at application and whether Roundup Ultra was used or not. These results are similar to those observed in 1994 and 1995 and indicate that Accent controls short or tall foxtail consistently, even without Roundup Ultra. Early season control of tall foxtail was slower without Roundup Ultra in the Permit and Buctril plots but within 4 weeks, there was no difference.

Fall Panicum Control:

Fall panicum control was less complete than giant foxtail, and especially lower in plots treated PRE with Roundup Ultra. The Roundup Ultra was applied at planting on June 5 and killed all emerged fall panicum. The second emergence of panicum in these plots did not occur until early July thus the Accent was applied on July 9, 12, 15, and 19, respectively for the 1-2, 2-4, 4-6, and 6-10 inch panicum heights. At this time, soil moisture was very limited, which likely decreased the effectiveness of the Accent.

Yellow Nutsedge Control:

Control of yellow nutsedge consistently was greater in plots without Roundup Ultra than where Roundup Ultra was used, at both rating dates. Since Roundup Ultra has little effect on nutsedge, it is suggested that the greater control in plots without Roundup Ultra was related to the earlier application of the Accent plus Permit, Exceed, or Buctril. This may have occurred in plots where Permit was used, since it has excellent efficacy on nutsedge. However, the excellent control in plots treated with Accent plus Exceed or Buctril is unusual since these herbicides have little or no effect on nutsedge.

Common Ragweed Control:

All treatments except one controlled common ragweed almost completely at the 14-28 days after application rating date. Control at the 0-14 DA application rating date was greater in plots without Roundup Ultra, likely because the other herbicides were applied on June 19, compared to July 9 in plots where Roundup Ultra had been used.

Pa. Smartweed Control:

All herbicides controlled Pa. smartweed completely (99%) at the 14-28 DA rating whether Roundup Ultra was or was not used. Control was less complete at the earlier rating date because complete kill had not yet occurred.

 Velvetleaf Control:

Essentially complete control of velvetleaf was obtained in all plots whether Roundup Ultra was used or not. This indicated the susceptibility of this weed to combinations of Accent plus Permit, Exceed, or Buctril.

The Site Description Sheet lists pertinent information such as planting and application dates, weed species present, and soil characteristics.

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Corn No-till Early Preplant, Preemergence, and Postemergence Weed Control with Dual II and Other Herbicides, 1996.

Early preplant applied Dual II at 2.05 pt/A controlled giant foxtail only 33% by July 5 whereas Dual II at 2.56 pt/A controlled foxtail 86% at the end of the season. POST applied Accent, Basis, and Pursuit as well as Dual II and Bicep II applied PRE controlled all grasses nearly completely all season. All herbicides controlled all broadleaf weeds completely all season. There was no corn injury observed in this study. Corn yield ranged from 2 to 204 bu/A in this study.

I. INTRODUCTION:

This study was designed to especially compare annual grass control in corn with Dual II applied PRE compared to POST applied Accent, Basis and Pursuit. Peak was used in most treatments for control of broadleaf weeds, and Roundup Ultra was used to control weeds that had emerged at planting.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Accent 75 WG
        Basis 75 WG
        Bicep II 5.9 L
        Dual II 7.8 EC
        Peak 57 WG
        Pursuit 2 AS
        Roundup Ultra 4 S

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ABONOR: above normal                           GLXMA: soybeans
        ABUTH: velvetleaf                              HORPU: little barley
        ALLVI: wild garlic                             IPOHE: ivyleaf morningglory
        ALOCA: Car. foxtail                            LAMAM: henbit
        AMARE: redroot pigweed                         LVS: leaves
        AMBEL: common ragweed                          PANDI: fall panicum
        AMBTR: giant ragweed                           POANN: annual bluegrass
        BL: broadleaf                                  POLPY: Pa. smartweed
        BROFOL: broadcast foliar                       S/A: seed per acre
        BROSOI: broadcast soil                         SETFA: giant foxtail
        CERVU: mouseear chickweed                      V: corn vegetative stage
        CYPES: yellow nutsedge                         W: weeds
        EPP 15: early preplant 15 days                XANST: common cocklebur
        ECHEG: barnyardgrass                           ZEAMX: corn

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control ratings and corn injury and yield data are presented in the attached table. There was no change in weed control following the last rating date noted for each of the several species on the attached table. The last rating date differed between the weed species, depending on whether they were winter or summer annual weeds. Barnyardgrass and fall panicum were rated only on Aug. 29 because they did not emerge until mid-season.

Weed Control:

Little barley and giant ragweed were the only species that had emerged prior to the application of Roundup Ultra on May 25. Roundup Ultra plus Dual II applied EPP 15 on April 27 controlled little barley completely and giant ragweed 63 to 96%.

Roundup Ultra plus Dual II at 2.05 pt/A applied EPP 15 on April 27 controlled giant foxtail completely on June 14, however, by July 5, new emergence reduced control to only 33%. When Dual II was applied at 2.56 pt/A, control on July 5 and Aug. 29 was 86%. A decrease in grass control with early preplant applied grass herbicides is common at this latitude, regardless of the specific herbicide. Increasing the herbicide rate has been helpful in past years, but complete, season- long grass control with early preplant applied herbicides is rare.

Barnyardgrass and fall panicum emerged mid-July. Control with Dual II was zero when it was applied early preplant, but 99% when applied PRE.

Treatments that included Accent, Basis, or Pursuit applied POST controlled giant foxtail, barnyardgrass, and fall panicum completely all season.

Dual II at 2.56 pt/A and Bicep applied PRE controlled yellow nutsedge 93 to 99% whereas POST herbicides did not control any nutsedge.

All herbicide treatments regardless of application timing controlled redroot pigweed, common ragweed, and Pa. smartweed completely. These results are typical of past years in that complete, season-long broadleaf weed control can be expected with early preplant, PRE, and POST applications.

Corn Injury and Yield:

No corn injury was observed in this study with any herbicide. Corn yield ranged from 2 to 204 bu/A in this study. Yield in plots treated with early preplant herbicides was substantially lower than when herbicides were applied PRE because of less complete weed control.

The Site Description Sheet lists pertinent information such as planting and application dates, weed species present, and soil characteristics.

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Corn No-Till Weed Control with DPX-79406 plus Aatrex, 1996.

DPX-79406 plus Aatrex (Basis Gold) applied at planting (PRE) or at 1 to 3 inch weed height controlled giant foxtail, redroot pigweed, common waterhemp, and Pa. smartweed essentially completely all season. No corn injury was observed with any herbicide. Corn yield ranged from zero in the nontreated plots to 223 bu/A.

I. INTRODUCTION:

DPX-79406 is a 1:1 ratio of Accent plus rimsulfuron (chemically related to Accent). For the 1997 crop season, DPX-79406 will be premixed with atrazine and called Basis Gold (but not to be confused with Basis which is/was a premix of rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron). Basis Gold will be labeled to be applied at a somewhat later application timing than Basis.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Aatrex 90 WG
        Banvel 4 EC
        Bicep II 5.9 L
        DPX-79406 75 WG
        Roundup Ultra 4 S
        Weedone 638 2.8 EC

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ABONOR: above normal                           EPP7: early preplant 7 days
        ABUTH: velvetleaf                              ERICA: horseweed (marestail)
        ALLVI: wild garlic                             G: grass
        ALOCA: Car. foxtail                            GLXMA: soybeans
        AMARE: redroot pigweed                         HORPU: little barley
        AMATA: common waterhemp                        LVS: leaves
        AMBEL: common ragweed                          PANDI: fall panicum
        AMBTR: giant ragweed                           POLPY: Pa. smartweed
        APCCA: hemp dogbane                            S/A: seed per acre
        BROFOL: broadcast foliar                       SETFA: giant foxtail
        BROSOI: broadcast soil                         VERPG: purslane speedwell
        CHEAL: common lambsquarters                    XANST: common cocklebur
        CYPES: yellow nutsedge                         ZEAMX: corn
        ECHCG: barnyardgrass

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control ratings and corn injury and yield data are presented in the attached table. There was no change in weed control following the July 29 rating. Several weed species listed in the Site Description Sheet were not rated because they were not distributed uniformly in the plot area.

Weed Control:

EPP7 treatments (those intended to be applied about 7 days before planting) were intended to be applied late April with an anticipated planting date of early May. However, an extended period of rainfall through much of April and the first half of May delayed the anticipated planting date until late May, thus the EPP7 herbicides were not applied until May 23, and the corn was planted May 30.

All treatments except one controlled giant foxtail 96% or greater all season. DPX-79406 plus Aatrex applied at 1 to 3 inch grass height controlled giant foxtail 96 to 99%. Similarly DPX-79406 plus Aatrex applied PRE controlled giant foxtail almost completely.

All herbicides regardless of application timing controlled redroot pigweed, common waterhemp, common ragweed, and Pa. smartweed 98 to 99%. These results indicate that DPX-79406 plus Aatrex (Basis Gold) applied PRE or POST control several annual grass and broadleaf weed species essentially completely when applied shortly prior to planting or at planting.

Corn Injury and Yield:

No corn injury was observed with any of the herbicides used in this study. Corn yield ranged from 0 bu/A in the nontreated plots to 223 bu/A.

The Site Description Sheet lists pertinent information such as planting and application dates, weed species present, and soil characteristics.

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Corn No-Till Weed Control with Select and Axiom Combinations, 1996.

All herbicides controlled all grass and broadleaf weeds completely in this study regardless of application timing. There was no injury observed in this study with any of the herbicides. Corn yield ranged from zero in the nontreated plots to 227 bu/A.

I. INTRODUCTION:

Select is a selective POST grass herbicide that controls many annual and perennial grasses, but corn is susceptible to it. Axiom is a 4:1 ratio of BAY FOE 5043 (an oxyacetamide vs Lasso, Dual, etc. which are chloroacetamides) plus Sencor. This study was designed to evaluate weed control in no-till corn with these and several other herbicides applied at several application timings.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Aatrex 90 WG                                   Gramoxone Extra 2.5 S
        Axiom 68 WG                                    Roundup Ultra 4 S
        Bicep II 5.9 L                                 Select 2 EC
        Bladex 90 WG                                   Surpass 6.4 EC
        Broadstrike Plus 85.6 WG (Hornet)                 Topnotch 3.2 ME
        Frontier 6 EC                                  Weedone 638 2.8 EC

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ABONOR: above normal                           ERICA: horseweed (marestail)
        ABUTH: velvetleaf                              GLXMA: soybeans
        ALLVI: wild garlic                             HORPU: little barley
        ALOCA: Car. foxtail                            IPOHE: ivyleaf morningglory
        AMARE: redroot pigweed                         LVS: leaves
        AMBEL: common ragweed                          POLPY: Pa. smartweed
        AMBTR: giant ragweed                           S/A: seed per acre
        BROSOI: broadcast soil                         SETFA: giant foxtail
        CHEAL: common lambsquarters                    VERPG: purslane speedwell
        CYPES: yellow nutsedge                         XANST: common cocklebur
        ECHEG: barnyardgrass                           ZEAMX: corn
        EPP7: early preplant 7 days

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control ratings and corn injury and yield data are presented in the attached table. There was no change in weed control following the July 11 rating. Several weed species listed on the Site Description Sheet were not rated because they were not distributed uniformly in the plot area. Control of the winter annual weeds was not rated because they were essentially mature by May 23, when the first herbicide applications were made.

Weed Control:

All herbicides controlled all grass and broadleaf weeds completely (99%) season-long, regardless of application timings.

Corn Injury and Yield:

None of the herbicides caused any corn injury in this study. Corn yield ranged from zero in the nontreated plots to 227 bu/A. In general, the yield was higher in plots treated with PRE herbicides compared to EPP plus spike treatments, but not consistently.

The Site Description Sheet lists pertinent information such as planting and application dates, weed species present, and soil characteristics.

Treatment Lists and Data Tables will require the Adobe Acrobat and WebLink (TM) plug-ins.

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Corn No-Till Early Preplant Weed Control with Reduced Triazine Rates, 1996.

ALL RATES IN THIS REPORT ARE ACTIVE INGREDIENT RATES.

Aatrex at 1.0 lb ai/A applied 30 days early preplant (EPP) controlled 100% of the henbit, shepherd's-purse, little barley, and annual bluegrass. Princep at 1.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 88 to 95% of the henbit, shepherd's-purse, little barley, and annual bluegrass. Aatrex and Princep at 1.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 100% of giant foxtail at planting. Aatrex plus Princep EPP 30 followed by Dual II plus Aatrex preemergence controlled 100% of the giant foxtail, fall panicum, yellow nutsedge, common ragweed, and giant ragweed, and 95% of the common cocklebur. The standard preemergence application of Roundup Ultra plus Bicep II controlled 100% of the giant foxtail, fall panicum, common ragweed, and giant ragweed, and 98% of the yellow nutsedge, and 95% of the common cocklebur. Corn yield ranged from 4 to 223 bu/A.

I. INTRODUCTION:

In the past several years restrictions on atrazine have been implemented to possibly reduce atrazine in groundwater. Atrazine rate has been reduced to 2.5 lb ai/A total use per season. However, only 2.0 lb/A of atrazine may be applied in a single application. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate weed control in no-till corn with atrazine at reduced rates.

II. HERBICIDES EVALUATED:

        Aatrex 90 DF
        Bicep II 5.9 L
        Dual II 7.8 EC
        Princep 90 DF
        Roundup Ultra 4 S

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED:

        ALLVI: wild garlic                             LAMAM: henbit
        AMBEL: common ragweed                          PANDI: fall panicum
        AMBTR: giant ragweed                           POAAN: annual bluegrass
        CAPBP: shepherd's-purse                        PRE: preemergence
        CYPES: yellow nutsedge                         SETFA: giant foxtail
        EPP: early preplant                            XANST: common cocklebur
        HORPU: little barley                           ZEAMX: corn

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Weed control and corn injury and yield data are presented in the attached tables. There was no change in weed control following the last rating noted in the attached tables. Weeds that are listed in the 'Site Description Sheet' that were not distributed uniformly throughout the study area were not rated. All comments referring to weed control are in reference to the last rating unless noted otherwise.

The early preplant herbicides were applied on April 9. Due to an extended period of rainfall in April and early May corn was not planted until May 26. Rainfall totaled 11 inches in April and 4.4 inches in May.

Winter Annual Weed Control

Henbit:

Aatrex at 1.0 lb/A and Bicep II at half the label rate applied EPP 30 controlled 100% of the henbit. Princep at 1.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 95% of the henbit. Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 98 to 100% of the henbit.

Shepherd's-purse:

Aatrex at 1.0 lb/A and Bicep II at half the label rate applied EPP 30 controlled 100% of the shepherd's-purse. Princep at 1.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 93% of the henbit. Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 98 to 100% of the shepherd's-purse.

Little Barley:

Aatrex at 1.0 lb/A and Bicep II at half the label rate applied EPP 30 controlled 100% of the little barley. Princep at 1.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 88% of the little barley. Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 98% of the little barley.

Annual Bluegrass:

Aatrex at 1.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 100% of the annual bluegrass. Bicep II at half the label rate applied EPP 30 controlled 97% of the annual bluegrass. Princep at 1.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 88% of the annual bluegrass. Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 controlled 98% of the annual bluegrass.

Wild Garlic:

No herbicide or combination of triazines applied EPP 30 controlled wild garlic.

Summer Annual Weed Control

Giant Foxtail:

Aatrex or Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 plus Dual II applied PRE controlled 100% of the giant foxtail. A split application of Bicep II at half the label rate EPP 30 and PRE also controlled 100% of the giant foxtail. A combination of Aatrex and Princep applied EPP 30 and PRE controlled 98 to 100% of the giant foxtail.

Fall Panicum:

Aatrex or Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 plus Dual II applied PRE controlled 95 to 98% of the fall panicum. A split application of Bicep II at half the label rate EPP 30 and PRE controlled 90% of the fall panicum. Aatrex plus Princep EPP 30 followed by Dual II plus Aatrex preemergence controlled 100% of the fall panicum. A combination of Aatrex and Princep applied EPP 30 and PRE controlled 87 to 100% of the fall panicum. Princep at 1.0 lb/A PRE was required in these combination to achieve 100% control of fall panicum.

Yellow Nutsedge:

Aatrex or Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 plus Dual II applied PRE controlled 98 to 100% of the yellow nutsedge. A split application of Bicep II at half the label rate EPP 30 and PRE controlled 78% of the yellow nutsedge. Aatrex plus Princep EPP 30 followed by Dual II plus Aatrex preemergence controlled 100% of the yellow nutsedge. A combination of Aatrex and Princep applied EPP 30 and PRE controlled 73 to 92% of the yellow nutsedge.

Common Ragweed:

Aatrex or Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 plus Dual II applied PRE controlled 100% of the common ragweed. A split application of Bicep II at half the label rate EPP 30 and PRE also controlled 100% of the common ragweed. A combination of Aatrex and Princep applied EPP 30 and PRE controlled 100% of the common ragweed.

Giant Ragweed:

Aatrex or Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 plus Dual II applied PRE controlled 100% of the giant ragweed. A split application of Bicep II at half the label rate EPP 30 and PRE also controlled 100% of the giant ragweed. A combination of Aatrex and Princep applied EPP 30 and PRE controlled 100% of the giant ragweed.

Common Cocklebur:

Aatrex or Princep at 2.0 lb/A applied EPP 30 plus Dual II applied PRE controlled only 78% of the common cocklebur. A split application of Bicep II at half the label rate EPP 30 and PRE also controlled 100% of the common cocklebur. Aatrex plus Princep EPP 30 followed by Dual II plus Aatrex preemergence controlled 95% of the common cocklebur. A combination of Aatrex and Princep applied EPP 30 and PRE controlled 93 to 98% of the common cocklebur.

Corn Yield:

Corn yield ranged from 4 to 223 bu/A. Corn yield in treated plots ranged from 181 to 223 bu/A.

The Site Description Sheet lists pertinent information such as planting and application dates, weed species present, and soil characteristics.

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