World War I

1. Background: Period of dissent and suppression
   
   1. Rise of protest groups
      1. Socialist movement
      2. Labor Movement
      3. Women's movement
      4. Black civil rights
      
      
   2. Voices of protest groups
      1. Chicago Defender
      2. The Crisis
      3. Appeal to Reason
      4. The Masses
      
      
   3. Response of mainstream media
      
      
   4. Large anti-war sentiment
      
      
   5. Response of government to protests
      1. Propaganda campaign
      2. Censorship laws
   
   
2. Committee on Public Information--George Creel
   
   1. Goals of committee
      
      
   2. Means of propaganda
      1. Official newspaper--Official Bullentin
         1. Press releases
      2. Advertising
      3. Speakers--4 minutes men
      4. Films
      5. Posters and Cartoons
      
      
   3. Campaign to eliminate German words
   
   
3. Censorship laws
   1. Espionage Act of 1917
      1. Title III
      
      
   2. Sedition Act (1918)
      
      
   3. Trading with the Enemies Act (1917)
      
      
   4. Local censorship
      1. Vigilante groups
   
   
4. Important legal cases
   1. Schenck v. U.S. (1919)
      1. Clear and present danger test
      2. Replaced bad tendency test
      
      
   2. Abrams v. U.S. (1919)
      1. Holmes dissent--free market place of ideas
      
      
   3. Gitlow v. New York (1925)