Newspaper as a Business

1. Revolution in national life (1865-1900)
   
   1. Growth of industry
   2. Rise of the cities
   3. Increase in education
   4. Expanded CMU/transportation network
   
   
2. Structure of industry
   1. Costs of business go up
      
      To make a profit, papers:
      
   2. Make capital improvements
      1. invest in linotype, improved steam-powered press, cheap news print, telephone, typewriter
      
      
   3. Create efficiency in production
      1. have good supply of raw materials
         1. sponsored events
         2. staged stunts
      2. reduce labor expenses
      3. standardize production
         1. institutionalized beats
         2. create newspaper chains
         3. growth of press associations
      
      
   4. Reorganize business structure along lines of other businesses
      
      
   5. Market your newspapers
      1. newspapers sold audience to advertisers: elite vs. popular papers
      2. newspapers sold themselves to readers
         1. omnibus press
         2. reduced partisanship
   
   
3. Influence of advertising on news
   1. Contracts of silence
   2. Reading notices
   3. Puffs
   
   
4. Working conditions of reporter
   1. Working conditions
      1. low salaries, long hours
      2. space system
      3. bill cutting
      
      
   2. Effects of working conditions on news pratices
      1. padding
      2. moonlighting and payola
      3. combination reporting
      4. sensationalism