English Heritage

1. Theories of Control
   
   1. Tudor/Stuart Theory
      (1500s-1600s)
   2. Blackstone Theory (1690s on)
   3. Jeffersonian Theory
   
   
2. Middle Ages (450-1450)
   1. Nature of society
   2. Church control over CMU
   
   
3. Controls under the Tudors
   
   1. Controls under Henry VIII
      (1509-1547)
      1. Act of Supremacy of 1534
         • destroys books
         • licensing*
   2. Controls under Mary Tudor
      (1553-1558)
      1. Stationers Company
   3. Controls under Elizabeth (1558-1603)
      1. strengthens licensing
      2. Star Chamber court*
   
   
4. Press during Early Stuarts (1603-1640)
   1. Beginnings of newspapers
      1. corantos (1620s)--foreign news
      2. diurnals (1640s)--domestic news
   2. Controls under Early Stuarts
      1. seditious libel
   
   
5. Puritan Revolution
   1. Major developments
      1. both sides use media for propaganda
      2. Areopagitica (1644)--John Milton's call for free marketplace of ideas
   
   
6. Controls in 1700s
   1. Tudor/Stuart to Blackstone
   2. Types of control
   1. libel
   2. taxation--Stamp Act of 1712
   3. subsidizing editors and papers
   • London Gazette--1666
   • political essays
   
   
7. Conclusions
   1. Two general rules of freedom of press
      1. extent of control depends on relationship between government and
      2. amount of control depends on stability of society
   2. Theories of press in the American colonies
   3. Style of English Journalism adopted by colonies.
   4. Funding system carries over to the colonies.