CMU in War

1. Background
   
   1. Dilemma: People's right to know vs. national security
   2. Solutions in WWII and Vietnam
      1. WWII: propaganda, voluntary censorship
      2. Vietnam: news management
   
   
2. Background on WWII
   
   1. Initially unpopular, like WWI
   2. Propaganda efforts
   3. Country united after Pearl Harbor
   
   
3. Early efforts at control
   1. Pearl Harbor cover-up
   2. Passage of repressive laws
   3. No coordinated propaganda effort
   4. No Censorship Standards
   5. Creation of two groups
      1. Office of Censorship
      2. Office of War Information
   
   
4. Office of Censorship: Byron Price
   1. Two components
      1. voluntary censorship--press and broadcasting
      2. mandatory censorship--cable and mail
   2. Voluntary censorship
      1. fielded inquiries on what is acceptable
      2. "pre-censored" materials
   3. Mandatory censorship of mail, cables
   
   
5. Office of War Information--Elmer Davis
   1. Duties of OWI
      1. "city desk" for war news
      2. produced press releases
      3. headed government PR effort
      4. headed overseas news and propaganda
   
   
6. Movies and War

Vietnam War

1. Background
   
   1. First television war--civilians see war for first time
      1. media accused of being too realistic
      2. Did press lose the war?
   
   
2. Government attempts to influence coverage
   1. On paper, press free
      1. no censorship
      2. routine accreditation
      3. voluntary censorship
   2. Government management techniques
      1. press orientation trips
      2. appeals to patriotism
      3. pressures on news organizations
      4. Saigon government efforts