Anth.
500E, History of Anthropology
SIGNIFICANT
THINKERS RELATING TO THE HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1254-1324 Marco Polo
c. 1325 Beginning of Renaissance in
1455 Gutenberg prints first
Bible on his press with movable type.
1468-60
1492 Christopher Colombus journeys east to
1498 Vasco da Gama travels
around Africa to
Copernicus 1473-1543
Galileo 1564-1642
Ferdinand Magellan 1480-1521
Martin Luther 1483-1546
John Calvin 1509-1564
William Shakespeare 1564-1616
Michelangelo c. 1565-1609
1517 Martin Luther posts his 95 theses denouncing
church abuses on church door in
1522 One of Magellan's ships circumnavigate globe and
returns to
1534 Calvin breaks with Catholic dogma, joins
Protestant reform movement.
1535 Henry VIII establishes
Anglican Church in
1541 John Knox leads Reformation in
1545-1563 Council of Trent meets intermittently to define
Catholic dogma and doctrine, reiterate papal authority.
1580 Sir Francis Drake returns to
Montaigne's Essays published.
1600 English East India Company established to
develop overseas trade
1607
1611 King James version of the Bible
published in
(note: constant wars among European
nations and principalities, often with religious component.)
1648 End of 30 Years War. German population about half of
what it was in 1618 because of war and pestilence
1650 Bishop Ussher calculated
beginning of world at 4004 BC
Claudio Monteverdi 1567-1643
Johannes Kepler 1571-1630
Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679
Rene Descartes 1596-1650
Rembrant 1606-1669
Baruch Spinoza 1632-1727
Moliere 1622-1673
Robert Boyle 1627-1691
John Locke 1632-1704
Antonio Stradivari 1644-1737
Gottfied W. von Leibniz 1646-1716
Giovanni Battista Vico 1668-1744
Peter the Great 1672-1725
Antonio Vivaldi 1678-1741
J.S. Bach 1685-1750
Baron de Montesquieu 1689-1755
Francois de Voltaire 1694-1778
1707 United Kingdom of Great Britian
formed.
1724 J.F. Lafitau (1681-1746) publishes Customs of
the American Indians Compared with the Customs of Primitive Times.
1738 Hume publishes Treatise
on Human Nature.
1740 Capt. Vitus Bearing, Dane employed by
1748 Montesquieu publishes The
Spirit of the Laws.
1751 Publication of the Encyclopedie begins in
1757 Beginning of British Empire in
Hume publishes Natural History of
Religion.
1765 James Watt invents the
steam engine
1767 Carl von Linne (Linnaeus)
publishes Systema Natuae.
1775 American Revolution begins.
(1787 Constitution signed)
1776 Adam Smith publishes Wealth
of Nations.
1778 Captain Cook
"discovers"
1789-1799-French Revolution.
1780 Jeremey Bentham, An Introduction to the
Principles of Morals and Legislation
1781 Immanuel Kant publishes Critique
of Pure Reason
1792 Mary Wollstonecraft, A
Vindication of the Rights of Women
1798 Malthus publishes an Essay
on the Principle of Population...
David Hume 1711-1776
Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778
Adam Smith 1723-1790
Adam Ferguson 1723-1816
Immanuel Kant 1724-1804
Captain Cook 1728-1779
Joseph Priestly 1733-1804
Marquis de Sade 1741-1814
Thomas Jefferson 1743-1826
Jean Baptiste Lamarck 1744-1829
Johann Gottfried Herder 1744-1803
Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 1756-1791
William Blake 1757-1827
Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797
Noah Webster 1785-1843
Baron George L.C. Cuvier 1769-1832
Robert Malthus 1766-1834
Ludwig von Beethoven 1770-1827
G.W.F. Hegel 1770-1831
Robert Owen 1771-1858
John James Audubon 1785-1851
Charles Lyell 1797-1875
Auguste Comte 1798-1857
1804 Napoleon proclaims
himself emperor of
Lewis
and Clark
expedition begins.
1813 J.C.
1817 David Ricardo, On the Principles of Political
Economy and Taxation.
1815 Napoleon defeated at
1817 Simon Bolivar established
independent
1833 Slavery abolished in
1839 First Opium War between
1845 Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the
Working Class in
1846 Irish potato famine
Sewing
machine patented by Elias Howe
1848 Revolutions in
Karl
Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto
1859 Charles Darwin, Origin
of Species
1860 Adolphe Bastian, Mankind
in History
1861 U.S. Civil War begins
Sir
Henry Maine, Ancient
Law
Johann
J. Bachofen, Das
Mutterrecht (Mother-right)
1863 Charles Lyell, The Geological Evidences of
the Antiquity of Man, with Remarks on the Theories of the Origin of Species by
Variation.
1864 Numa Denis Fustel de
Coulanges, The
1865 John Furgeson McLennan, Primitive
Marriage.
1866 Alfred Nobel invents dynamite
1869 John Stuart Mill, The
Subjection of Women
1870 Lewis Henry Morgan, Systems of Consanguinity
and Affinity of the Human Family (Submitted to Smithsonian 1865)
1871 Edward Burnett Tylor, Primitive
Culture
1873 Economic crisis in
1877 Lewis Henry Morgan, Ancient
Society
1884 Friedrich Engels, The Origin of the Family,
Private Property, and the State.
1882 Emile Durkheim, On
the Social Division of Labor
1890 James G. Frazer, The
Golden Bough
1895 Emile Durkheim, Rules
of the Sociological Method
1895 X-rays discovered by German
physicist, Wilhelm Roentgen.
1903 Levy-Bruhl, Morality
and the Science of Mores.
Johann Gottfried Herder 1744-1803
John Stuart Mill 1806-1873
Louis Agassiz 1807-1873
Paul Broca 18 -1880
Paul Topinard 1830-1911
Charles Darwin 1809-1882
Johann J. Bachofen 1815-1887
Comte Joseph Arthur de Gobineau
1816-1882
Lewis Henry Morgan 1818-1881
Karl Marx 1818-1883
Herbert Spencer 1820-1903
Feodor Dostoevsky 1821-1881
Gregor Mendel 1822-1884
Francis Galton 1822-1911 (
Alfred Wallace 1823-1913
Adolphe Bastian 1826-1905
John Furgeson McLennan 1827-1881
Wilhelm Wundt 1832-1920
Wilhelm Dilthey 1833-1911
Johannes Brahms 1833-1897
John Wesley Powell 1834-1902
Edgar Degas 1834-1917
J.P. Morgan 1837-1913
John D. Rockefeller 1839-1937
Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky 1840-1893
Adolph F. Bandelier 1840-1914
William James 1842-1910
Sigmund Freud 1856-1939
Frank Hamilton Cushing 1857-1900
Max Plank 1858-1947
Franz Boas 1858-1942
John Dewey 1859-1952
Emil Durkheim 1858-1917
George Herbert Mead 1863-1931
Max Weber 1864-1920
W.H.R. Rivers 1864-1922
Sun Yat-sen 1866-1927
Arturo Toscinini 1867-1957
Marie Curie 1867-1937
Ales Hrdlicka 1869-1943
A. Binet 18 (A method of measuring the devleopment of
the intelligence of young children, 1911)
Bertrand Russell 1872-1970
Marcel Mauss 1872-1950
Karl Jung 1875-1961
A.L. Kroeber 1876-1960
A.R. Radcliffe-Brown 1881-1955
Robert H. Lowie 1883-1957, Primitive
Society, 1920
Paul Radin, 1883-1959. Primitive
Man as Philosopher, 1927.
Bronislaw Malinowski 1884-1942
Edward Sapir 1884-1939
Alfred Vincent Kidder 1885-1963
E. A. Hooton 1887-1954
Ruth Fulton Benedict 1887-1948
Abram Kardiner 1891-?
A. I. Hallowell 1892-1974
Robert S. Lynd (1892-) and Helen M.
Lynd (1896-)
V. Gordon Childe 1892-1957
Ralph Linton 1893-1953
Melville Herskovits 1895-1957
George P. Murdock 1897-, Social
Structure, 1949.
Benjamin Lee Whorf 1897-1941
Robert Redfield, 1897-1958
Leslie A. White 1900-1975
Margaret Mead 1901-1978
Raymond Firth 1901-
Lucy Mair 1901-
E.E. Evans-Pritchard 1902-1973
Julian Steward 1902-1972
Talcott Parsons 1902-1979
Hortense Powdermaker 1903-1970
Frederica De Laguna 1906-
Sol Tax 1907-1995
Claude Levi-Strauss 1908-?
Max Gluckman 1911-1975, Custom and Conflict in
Order
and Rebellion in Tribal
George Foster 1913-
Charles Wagley
Ruth Bunzel
Elman Service 1915-1996
Colson, Elizabeth 1917-
Sidney Mintz 1922-
Eric Wolf 1923-1999
Robert F. Murphy 1924-199?
Robert McC.
Robert L. Carneiro 1927-
Clifford Geertz 1927-
Marvin Harris 1927-
Marshall D. Sahlins 1930 -