1	Dismembering Yugoslavia: Nationalist Ideologies and the Symbolic Revival of Genocide. Bette Denich American Ethnologist 21 (1994), pp. 367-90
2	The event analyzed Play Pigeon Cave – banned in early 1980s by Titoist government
3	The play Portrays peasant life in a village in the Krajina. Skeletons of Serbs massacred by Croats during WWII in the cave 1941 – “Independent State of Croatia” Nazi – genocidal acts towards Gypsies, Jews, Serbs Ustasha movement - paramilitary
4	Question asked In what ways does this play reveal core issues in the violent conflict that erupted in 1991?
5	Nationalist movements of the late 1980s Author of “The Pigeon Cave”, among the intellectual leaders of the Serbian nationalist revival 1989 – Soviet Union disintegrated – Fall of the Berlin Wall 1990 – Leader in armed rebellion against Croatian independence
6	Nationalist movements of the late 1980s 1989 – Soviet Union disintegrated – Fall of the Berlin Wall June 1991 – Croatia declared independence from Yugoslavia January 1992 – EU recognized Croatian and Slovenian independence
7	Ethnic cleansing
8	Population of the Krajina Orthodox Christian Serbs Roman Catholic Croats
9	Thesis Conflict rooted in “the history and structural logic of mutually exclusive 19th century Serbian and Croatian nation-state ideologies?” What does she mean by this?
10	Key elements (p. 369) Ideologies Symbolic processes Leaders and populaces Collective action Dramaturgical framework
11	Spiral of crisis May 1990 – Tudjman’s HDZ won 40% in first multi-party elections – controlled Republic’s parliament (Serbs voted for former Communists) Oct 1990 – Serb National Council proclamed autonomy Feb. 1991 – Independent Serbian Republic Krajina (RSK) proclaimed (Knin region, others followed later) June 25, 1991 – Croatia declared independence Spring – battles between Serb militias and Croat police forces – blood spilled in May Sept. 1991 – open war between new state’s military/police & Serbs, supported by Yugoslav army Nov. 1991 – multi-ethnic Vukovar overrun, Croats fled – ethnic cleansing Jan 1992 – cease fire brokered by UN Croats re-took RSK territories, cleanses Serbs
12	Stanley Kaufman’s “three necessary conditions” for ethnic war The existence of myths justifying ethnic hostility The presence of ethnic fears about the survival of a group The opportunity for the ethnic group to mobilise and fight.
13	Fear No tradition of law in Yugoslavia Collapse of Yugoslav state à bi-identified Croation Serbs losing power of the Yugoslav state.
14	Myths justifying hostilities Tudjman’s resurrection of desire for independent state New Croat Constitution drafted on Vidovan Defeat of Serbs by Turks in Kosovo (1989 – 600^th anniversary celebration – Milosovic) Memories of WWII Croatian flag = Nazis Debate over number killed History suppressed Partisan liberation struggle
15	Role of elites Feared loss of power “Resentment”
16	Why the conflict? Serbs – 12% of Croatia Knin (recall Bette Denich study – Pigeon Cave) Kordun Banija Cetnic strongholds Serbs in other regions Partisan tradition
17	"Fierce fighting in mid-October 1991..." Fierce fighting in mid-October 1991 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iroka_Kula_massacre Now commemorated as site of Serb atrocity against Croats